Peshawar is now officially recognised as being one of the Oldest Living Cities in Asia. Its history and culture has continued uninterrupted since several centuries. This fact was confirmed by the discovery of silver punch-marked coins from the Government House in 1906 07 and the ongoing excavation at Gor Khatri which is the deepest and widest in the world.Being among the most ancient cities of the region between Central, South, and West Asia, Peshawar has for centuries been a centre of trade between Afghanistan, South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. As an ancient centre of learning, the 2nd century B.C.E.Bakhshali Manuscript used in the Bakhshali approximation was found nearby.Peshawar is also the setting of the famous story Peshawar Nights, which was an exchange between a Shia scholar and a Sunni audience over the course of eleven nights, which presumably resulted in their acceptance of Shi'ism.Peshawar was a major centre of Buddhist learning until the 10th century.As an indication of its importance, Peshawar was also the site of Kanishka's Great Stupa which housed relics of Gautama Buddha, and was widely considered to be the tallest building in the world at the time of its construction.Ancient Chinese manuscripts tell of Buddhist pilgrims such as Faxian, Sung Yun, and Xuanzang reporting that the 7th century stupa, which was rediscovered in the south east of the city at a site called Shahji-ki-Dheri in 1907,08, had a height of 591689 feet.
Peshawar emerged as a centre of both Hindko and Pashtun intellectuals. Its dominant culture for much of British rule was that of the Hindko speakers, also referred to as "Khaarian" ('city dwellers' in Pashto).Its unique culture, distinct from the surrounding Pashtun areas, led to the city being romanticised by Pashto singers, with songs like larsha Pekhwar tha (let us go to Peshawar) and more recently Pekhawar kho pekhawar dhay kana. This unique culture has gradually disappeared with the massive influx of Afghan refugees and the increasing migration of Pashtuns into the city. The demographics has changed quite dramatically and Pashto is now the dominant language of the city.Lady Reading HospitalPeshawar is located in an area that was dominated by various tribes of Indo-Iranian origin. The region was affiliated with the ancient kingdom of Gandhara and had links to the Harappan civilization of the Indus River Valley and to Bactria and other ancient kingdoms based in Afghanistan.According to the historian Tertius Chandler,
Peshawar had a population of 120,000 in the year 100 BCE, making it the seventh most populous city in the world.Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati in the area, after Pushkal, the son of King Bharata in the epic Ramayana but this settlement's existence remains speculative and unverifiable.In recorded history, the earliest major city established in the general area of Peshawar was called Purushapura (Sanskrit for City of Men) and was founded by the Kushans, a Central Asian tribe of Tocharian origin, over 2,000 years ago.Prior to this period the region was affiliated with Gandhara, an ancient Indo-Iranian kingdom, and was annexed first by the Persian Achaemenid empire and then by the Hellenic empire of Alexander the Great. The city passed into the rule of Alexander's successor, Seleucus I Nicator who ceded it to Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya Empire in 305 BCE. Buddhism was introduced into the region at this time and may have claimed the majority of Peshawar's inhabitants before the coming of Islam.
Indo-Greek Peshawar
Sunehri MosqueThe area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king, Eucratides (170 159 BCE), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian and later Indo-Greek kings who ruled an empire that spanned from present day Pakistan to North India. Later, the city came under the rule of several Parthian and Indo-Parthian kings, another group of Iranic invaders from Central Asia, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs starting in circa 46 CE, and was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants before they were displaced by the first of the "Great Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century CE.
Gandharan Peshawar
Peshawar formed the eastern capital of the empire of Gandhara under the Kushan king Kanishka, who reigned from at least 127 CE. Peshawar became a great centre of Buddhist learning. Kanishka built what may have been the tallest building in the world at the time, a giant stupa, to house the Buddha's relics, just outside the Ganj Gate of the old city of Peshawar.Ongoing excavation at Gor Khatri, said to be the world's biggest and deepest' which established Peshawar's chronological age as the 'Oldest Living City in South Asia'The Kanishka stupa was said to be an imposing structure as one travelled down from the mountains of
Afghanistan onto the Gandharan plains. The earliest account of the famous building is by the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim monk, Faxian, who visited it in 400 and described it as being over 40 chang in height (probably about 120 m or 394 ft) and adorned "with all precious substances". "Of all the stûpas and temples seen by the travellers, none can compare with this for beauty of form and strength." It was destroyed by lightning and repaired several times. It was still in existence at the time of Xuanzang's visit in 634. From the ruined base of this giant stupa there existed a jewelled casket containing relics of the Buddha, and an inscription identifying Kanishka as the donor, and was excavated from a chamber under the very centre of the stupa's base, by a team under Dr. D.B. Spooner in 1909. The stupa was roughly cruciform in shape with a diameter of 286 feet (87 m) and heavily decorated around the sides with stucco scenes.Sometime in the 1st millennium BCE, the group that now dominates Peshawar began to arrive from the Suleiman Mountains of southern Afghanistan to the southwest, the Pashtuns. Over the centuries the Pashtuns would come to dominate the region and Peshawar has emerged as an important centre of Pashtun culture along with Kandahar and Kabul as well as Quetta in more recent times. Muslim Arab and Turkic arrived and annexed the region before the beginning of the 2nd millennium.
Arrival of Islam
Government Higher Secondary SchoolThe Pashtuns began to convert to Islam following early annexation by the Arab Empire from Khurasan (in what is today western Afghanistan and northeastern Iran)Sebuktagin dying in 997 was succeeded as governor of Khorasan by his son Mahmud, who throwing off all dependence on the Samani princes, assumed the title of Sultan in 999. In the early reign of this celebrated invader the plains of Peshawar were again the scene of some great battles, the first of which was fought on the maira between Nowshera and the Indus, in the year 1001. Mahmud was opposed by Jaipal, who had been constantly endevouring to recover the country wrested from him by Sebuktagin, still aided by some Pathans whose allegiance to the Muslim governor of Peshawar was not of long continuance.The battle took place on November 27.Jaipal himself being taken prisoner, who upon his subsequent release resigned the crown to his son Anandpal. On this occasion Mahmud punished the Pathans who had sided with the enemy, and as they were now converted entirely to the Islam, they stayed true to their new allegiance.Peshawar was taken by Turkic Muslims in 988 and was incorporated into the larger Mughal domains by the 16th century. The founder of the Mughul dynasty that would conquer South Asia, Babur, who hailed from current Uzbekistan, came to Peshawar and founded a city called Bagram where he rebuilt the fort in 1530. His grandson, Akbar, formally named the city Peshawar, meaning "The Place at the Frontier" in Persian and expanded the bazaars and fortifications. The Muslim technocrat, bureaucrats, soldiers, traders, scientists, architects, teachers, theologians and Sufis flocked from the rest of the Muslim world to Islamic Sultanate in South Asia and many settled in the Peshawar region.
Reigns of the Pashtun Kings
The Pashtun conqueror Sher Shah Suri, turned Peshawar's renaissance into a boom when he ran his Delhi-to-Kabul Shahi Road through the Khyber Pass and Peshawar. Thus the Mughals turned Peshawar into a "City of Flowers" by planting trees and laying out gardens similar to those found to the west in Iran. Khushal Khan Khattak, the Pashtun/Afghan warrior poet, was born near Peshawar and his life was intimately tied to the city. Khattak was an early Pashtun nationalist, who agitated for an independent Afghanistan including Peshawar. As such, he was an implacable foe of the Mughal rulers, especially Aurangzeb.After the decline of the Mughal Empire, by the 18th century the city came under Persian control during the reign of Nadir Shah. In 1747, following a loya jirga, Peshawar would join the Afghan/Pashtun empire of Ahmad Shah Durrani as a Pakthun region. Pashtuns from Peshawar took part in the incursions of South Asia during the rule of Ahmad Shah Durrani and his successors.
Peshawar under British Rule
In 1812, Peshawar was a suzerainty of Afghanistan, but contested by the Sikh Empire. The arrival of a party led by British explorer and former agent of the East India Company, William Moorcroft was seen as an advantage, both in dealings with Kabul and in protection against the Sikhs of Lahore. He was even offered the governorship of Peshawar and invited to offer the area's allegiance to the East India Company, which he declined. Moorcroft continued to Kabul in the company of Peshwari forces and thence to the Hindu Kush.Western gateway of the Gor Khatri caravanseraiIn 1818 Peshawar was captured by Maharaja Ranjit Singh and paid a nominal tribute until it was finally annexed in 834 by the Sikh Empire. An 1835 attempt to retake the city by Dost Mohammad Khan failed when his army declined battle with the Dal Khalsa. His son,Mohammad Akbar Khan, almost retook the city in the Battle of Jamrud in 1837, but was forced to retreat due to logistics problems.With the confusion following the collapse of the Sikh Empire due to the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the Sikh Empire's defeat in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the British occupied Peshawar in 1849.The mountainous areas outside of the city were mapped out in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand, then foreign secretary of the British Indian government, who demarcated the boundary of his colony with the Afghan ruler at the time, Abdur Rahman Khan. It is now known as the Durand Line. The Kabul government has argued that the pact expired when British colonialists left the region – although claims to the region have not been a part of official Afghan policy.
Durand Line
In 1893, Mortimer Durand negotiated with Abdur Rahman Khan the Amir of Afghanistan the frontier between Afghanistan, the FATA, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan Provinces of Pakistan, the successor state of British India, and Afghanistan.This line, the Durand Line, is named after Sir Mortimer Durand and remains the international boundary between Afghanistan and modern-day Pakistan officially recognized by most nations but an ongoing point of ontention between the two countries.In 1893, Sir Mortimer Durand was deputed to Kabul by the government of British India for this purpose of settling an exchange of territory required by the demarcation of the boundary between northeastern Afghanistan and the Russian possessions, and in order to discuss with the Amir Abdur Rahman Khan other pending questions. The Amir showed his ability in diplomatic argument, is tenacity where his own views or claims were in debate, with a sure underlying insight into the real situation.The territorial exchanges were amicably agreed upon; the relations between the British Indian and Afghan governments, as previously arranged, were confirmed and an understanding was reached upon the important and difficult subject of the border line of Afghanistan on the east, towards India.In 1893 during rule of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan a "Royal Commission for setting up of Boundary" the Durand Line between Afghanistan and the British-governed India was set up, to negotiate terms with the British, for the Agreeing to the Durand line , and the two parties camped at Parachinar, now part of FATA Pakistan which is near Khost Afghanistan.From the British side the camp was attended by Sir Mortimer Durand and Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Political Agent Khyber.The Afghanistan side was represented by Sahibzada Abdul Latif and the Governor KhostSardar Shireendil Khan representing the Amir.
Independence and instability
Old PeshawarIn 1947, Peshawar became part of the newly independent state of Pakistan after politicians from the Frontier approved merger into the state that had just been carved from British India. While a large majority of people approved of this action, others believed in the unity of India, such as Abdul Ghaffar Khan. Still others believed that the province should have ascended to Afghanistan – a position which later evolved into a call for a state independent of both Pakistan and Afghanistan.Until the mid-1950s, Peshawar was enclosed within a city wall and sixteen gates. Of the old city gates, the most famous was the Kabuli Gate but only the name remains to this date. Peshawar has not grown as much in size or capacity as the population has. As a result it has become a polluted and overcrowded city.During the 1980s Soviet war in Afghanistan, Peshawar served as a political centre for the Inter-Services Intelligence-trained mujahideen groups, and housed Afghan refugees at the Jalozai refugee camp. There were a total of about 100,000 Afghan refugees reported in Peshawar during the 1988 election when Benazir Bhutto was running for Prime Minister of Pakistan.[26] Peshawar managed to assimilate many of the ethnic Pashtun Afghans with relative ease and many of them still remain in Pakistan.Peshawar continues to be a city that links Pakistan with Afghanistan as well as Central Asia, and has emerged as an important regional city in Pakistan. It remains a focal point for Pashtun culture. Today, like the surrounding region, it is at the crossroads of the struggle between the extremist Taliban and moderates, liberals and Pashtun nationalists. As a demonstration of their determination to destroy Pashtun icons, the Taliban bombed the shrine of the most beloved Pashtun poet, Rahman Baba, in 2009
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1. Educational Institutes.
* Pak-Turk International School (Near Passport Office, Phase 5 Hayatabad, Peshawar Tell: +9291-5891492)
* Institute Of Learning and Motivation (Phase 5 Hayatabad Peshawar Tel: +9291-5812724)
* Khyber Grammer School (situated on Warsak Road Peshawar)
* Frontier Public High school (situated on dora road kohat road peshawar)
* LIMS (Hayatabad Peshawar Tel:+9291-5811248)
* Stanford Learning School (Hayatabad Peshawae)
* Stanford High School Hayatabad pesh.
* Noman group of schools
* Faran Science Academy (Charsadda road Peshawar)
* Sparkle Public School (O/S Yakatooth Peshawar)
* Ittefaq Model School, (Surizai Bala, Peshawar Pakistan)
* Beaconhouse School System
* University Public School
* University Model School for Girls
* Islamia Collegiate School
* Army Public school (Tahkal Payan Peshawar Cantt Tel: +9291-278711)
* Oxfords College School
* Peshawar Model School
* Alma Mater School (University Town Peshawar)
* Al-Muslim Public High School (Ghundi Mir Khan Khel, Karak Peshawar)
* Peshawar Grammar School
* New Model Public High School (Charsadda Road Peshawar)
* Salah Ud Din School
* Alama Quaid School
* Bakri School
* Hathad Public School
* Kune School
* Frontier Model School
* Centennial Model School
* St.Joseph school
* AIMS School, College and Coaching Academy For Girls
* St. Mary's High School
* Presentation Convent High School
* Warsak Model School
* Qurtaba Public School
* Frontier Children Academy (Hayatabad Peshawar
* ICMS School for Girls
* Forward Public School
* Forward Model School
* Little Angel Public School
* Country Grammar School
* Horizon School
* FYA
* Fizaia Schools
* St. Marrys School (Khyber Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* The Educators School
* Peshawar Public School
* PAKTURK INTERNATIONAL COLLEGES (Phase 5 Hayatabad, Peshawar Tell: +9291-5891492)
* Khyber Medical College (Now Khyber Medical University 2007)
* Peshawar Medical College
* Islamia College (Now Islamia College University)
* Aisha Institute of Modern Sciences for Girls
* Amina Girls College
* Jinnah College for Women
* KCCM (Khyber College of Commerce and management)
* Edwardes College
* Country Model College Charsadda
* Oxfords College University Town
* Fazaia Degree College (formerly known as PAF Degree College)
* Government Superior Science College (Tel:+9291-2563067)
* MCCM (Muslim College of commerce and management)
* City Girls College
* PMDC (Peshawar Model Degree College)
* Army Public College
* FG College for Women
* Government College of Technology
* Peshawar Public School and College
* Qurtuba College
* Farabi degree college peshawar
* PAF SHAHEEN College
* ICMS college system for boys
* ICMS college system for girls
* Forward Girls College
* Elizabath
* Qurtaba College of Science and Technology
* GOVT. College of Technology (Kohat Road, Peshawar)
* Govt college of management sciences
* Frontier Science collage Hayatabad
* Forward degree collage hayatabad
* Peshawar Public College
* Iqra Huffaz Secondary School For Boys & Girls (Warsak Road.Peshawar Tel: +9291-5200035)
* University of Peshawar (Registrar Tel:+9291-9216471)
* National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, (Tel:+9291-5891390)
* Khyber Medical University (PDA Building,Phase 5, Hayatabad, Peshawar Tel:+9291-9217703)
* IMSciences (Institute of Management Sciences) (Phase VII,Hayatabad, Peshawar Tel:+9291-5861024)
* Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology (Tel:+9291-5812117, 5813322)
* Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology (Tel:+9291-5846508)
* CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences (Phase-6 Hayatabad Peshawa Tel:+9291-5816291-2)
* Preston University (18, Old Jamrud Road, University Town, PeshawarTel: 091-5845540-2)
* City University of Science and Information Technology (Tel:+9291-2584161-8)
* Frontier Women University (Asamia Road Qila Balahisar emergency gate, Peshawar Tel:+9291-9212422)
* Abasyn University Peshawar (Mr. Imran Ullah Chancellor Tel:+9291-2247264)
* Virtual University of Pakistan (Tehkal Bala Peshawar Tel:+9291-5701071, 5705994)
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2. Historical Places.
* Mughal Mosque (Built in 1670)
* Bala Hisaar Fort (Coming from Khyber pass)
* Peshawar Museum (Built in 1905)
* Forest Museum (Near Palosi Road Peshawar)
* Shahi Bagh (Near Zaheerabad Road Peshawar)
* Jinnah Park
* Tatara Park
* Khyber Pass (18 kilometres that links NWFP to Afghanistan)
* Landi Kotal (End of the railway and eight kilometers (five miles) from the border)
* Darra Adam Khel (26 miles) south of Peshawar and leads on to Kohat)
* Jamrud Fort (8 kilometers (11, miles) from Peshawar and at the mouth of the Khyber Pass)
* Sphola Stupa (25 kilometers (I6 miles) from Jamrud)
* Gandhara
* University Town (7 kilometers from the center of Peshawar on the road to the Khyber Pass)
* Islamia College Oldest building was build in 1913)
* Old City (Cell: +92-3469895720)
* Old Peshawar (Chowk Yadgar)
* Gor Khatri (situated at the top end of Sethi Street peshawar)
* Ghanta Ghar ( Watch Tower) (Midway on the Gor Khuttree- Chowk Yadgar Road Peshawar)
* Gor Khuttree (Situated behind the Lahori Gate approached from the same gate Chowk Yadgar Peshawar)
* Kotla Mohsin Khan Gateways (midst of a fortified garden having a huge gate on one side Peshawar)
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3. Graveyards.
* Durrani Graveyard (Wazir Bagh Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Darmangi (Warsak Road Peshawar,Pakistan)
* Darwazgai (Darwazgai Peshawar Pakistan)
* Nizamapur Graveyard (Nizamapur Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Gora Qabristan (Defence Colony Peshawar Pakistan)
* Charkhana Cemetery (Charkhana Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Hayatabad Phase 1 (Hayatabad E-1 Peshawar Pakistan)
* Nauthia Qabristan (Nauthia ROad Peshawar Pakistan)
* Hazarakhawani (Hazarakhawani Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Umeedabad Graveyard (Umeedabad No.2 Peshawar Pakistan)
* Hanskhel Qabristan (Gor khatri Peshawar Pakistan)
* Pakha Ghulam Qabristan (Pakha Gulam Road Pakha Gulam Peshawar)
* Graveyard bacha khan (Bacha Khan Road Hayatabad Pakistan)
* Umti Graveyard (Dispensary Road Wadpagga Sharif Peshawar)
* Ziyarat (Dada Gee Road Wadpagga Sharif Peshawar)
* Sheikh Junaid Qabristan (Dada Gee Road Wadpagga Sharif Peshawar)
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4. Shrines, Tombs And Mausoleums
* Rehman Baba's Mausoleum (Bahadur Killay, Suburban village Peshawar)
* Tomb of Nawab Sayid Khan (Dubgari Road Civil Quaters Peshawar Pakistan)
* Tomb of Sardar Muhammad Ayub Khan (Near Durrani graveyard Peshawar Pakistan)
* Tomb of Sheikh Imamuddin (Near Palosi Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Tomb of Unknown Sufi (Near Tomb of Shiekh Imamuddin Peshawar)
* Mazar Noor Gul Baba (Near Noshehra Bypass Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Burj-e-Roshnai Tomb (Situated in Kotla Mohsin Khan Peshawar)
* Kotla Mohsin Khan (Kotla Mohsin Khan Peshawar Pakistan)
* Ziarat Shrine (Road To Wazir Bagh Peshawar Pakistan)
* Gurudwara Bhai Joga Singh (Near Dab gari garden dab gari Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Stupa Shrine (Situated at G.T Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Yahya's Shrine (G.T Road Attock kurd Peshawar Pakistan)
* Kanji's tomb (Grand Trunk Road Peshawar)
* Mughal-era Shrine (Near Grand Trunk Road Peshawar Pakistan)
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5. Mosques
* Mohabbat Khan Mosque (Ander Sher Bazaar Peshawar Pakistan)
* Mosque of Islamia College Peshawar (Near BISEP Sports ground Peshawar Pakistan)
* Ali Masjid (Khyber pass Peshawar Pakistan)
* Kuzkandi Jamiah Masjid Baghdada (Mardan Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Speen Jumat (University town Peshawar Pakistan)
* Ganj Ali Khan Mosque (Cinema ROad Peshawar Pakistan)
* Qasim Ali Khan Mosque (Qasim ROad Peshawar Pakistan)
* Sonehri Masjid (Cantonment Peshawar Pakistan)
* Acedmy Town Mosque (Near CIrcular ROad Peshawar Pakistan)
* Bilal Masjid Shami Road (Shami ROad Peshawar Pakistan)
* Ahl-e-Hadis Mosque (Near Saddar Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Shahi-Bagh Mosque (Shah-i-Bagh Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Saddar Imam Bargah (Saddar Road Cantt Peshawar Pakistan)
* KMC Mosque (Near to Khyber medical college Peshawar)
* Railway Mosque (Railway mosque Wahidabad Peshawar)
* Menar Wala Masjid (Tel: +9291-5853060)
* Tora Qul Bae Mosque (Cinema Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Shaheen Mosque (Near Sahibzada Gul Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Eid Gah Masjid (Eid Gah Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Momin Khan Mosque (University Town Peshawar Pakistan)
* Gol Masjid (University Town Peshawar Pakistan)
* Zikriya Masjid (Jawad Towers University Road Peshawar)
* Pathak Masjid (Near Arbaz Raheem Stadium Peshawar pakistan)
* Masjid-e-Sheikhan (Ghari Qamar Din Mehbobabad Peshawar)
* Masjid Corporation Colony (Corporation Colony Peshawar Pakistan)
* Zia-ul-Aslam Mosque (Circular Lane circular Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Park Mosque (University Town Peshawar Pakistan)
* Jamia Masjid Abu Zar Ghafari (Village and Post Office Mohallah Lour Lakhtay Peshawar)
* Masjid Abu Ayub Anaswari (Near Pawakka Village Peshawar Pakistan)
* Madni Masjid (Ring Road Peshawar)
* Bahram Mosque (Link to Pawakka Road Peshawar Pakistan)
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6. Parks And Gardens
* Army Stadium (Amusement Park for children and families with restaurants)
* Bagh-e-Naraan (Situated in Hayatabad. its the most large and beautiful in Peshawar)
* Cunningham Park/Jinnah Park (Situated opposite Historic Bala Hisar)
* Wazir Bagh (Laid in 1802, by Fatteh Khan, Prime Minister of Shah Mahmud Khan)
* Ali Mardan Khan Gardens (Formerly Company Bagh now Khalid bin Waleed Park)
* Shahi Bagh (A small portion of which constitutes the current site of Arbab Niaz Stadium)
* Garrison Park (Located at Prime Location of Shami Road under Army Control)
* Tatara Park (Located in Hayatabad for children and families)
* Dal Lake (3 museum Road Portsmouth Peshawar Pakistan)
* Sher Khan Stadium (Cantonment Peshawar Pakistan)
* Dabgari Garden (Mohallah Afridi Khan Peshawar Pakistan)
* Sayyid Ka Bagh (Near Civil Quarters Peshawar Pakistan)
* Balour Garden (Blour Town Peshawar Pakistan)
* Fida Park (Fidabad Colony Near Blour Town Peshawar Pakistan)
* Agha Mir Garden (Agha Mir Jaan Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Beri Bagh (Near Beri Bagh Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Sammar Bagh (Charsada Road Peshawar Pakistan)
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7. Markets, Malls And Bazaars
* Karkhano Market/bazaar (plaza, perano market, sitara market etc)
* Deans Trade Centre (saddar the most modern shopping mall with a claim of largest in asia)
* Jans Arcade (saddar Cantt Peshawar Pakistan)
* Imperial Stores- (In saddar and in city tower)
* City Towers (University Town, Peshawar, Pakistan)
* Wadud sons and Wadud home store
* Jawad Towers
* Town Towers
* Saddar Bazar (plazas including wadud sons, imperial store, blue tower, Bilour Plaza)
* The Mall Towers
* Marhabba IT tower
* Spinzer IT tower
* Bilour plaza (Saddar Bazaar Peshawar Pakistan)
* Qissa Khawani Bazaar
* Peshawar Golf Club (Near Pearl Continental Hotel Peshawar Pakistan)
* Lakr Mundi (Near Kohat ROad Peshawar Pakistan)
* Basharat Market
* Yusafzai Market
* Super Market
* Bilal Market (Haji Abdullah St, Mardan Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Khattak Market
* Lala Zaar Market
* PDA (Hayatabad, Peshawar Pakistan)
* Shama Market
* Zahid Market
* Hamza Market
* Afridi Market
* Abdali Market
* Tariq Market
* Shalmaan Market
* Shershah Market
* Chen One (2- Islamia Road, Peshawar Cantt., Peshawar Tel:+9291-5262189)
* Wadud Sons (Kalibari, Pekhawar, Pakistan)
* Imperial Stores (Peshawar Pakistan)
* AYYS House Hold (Tehkal, University Road, Pekhawar, Pakistan)
* Akaash General Store (Faqeer Abad road, Peshawar, Pakistan)
* Silicon Center (Jahangir Abad, Pekhawar, Pakistan)
* Hang Ten (University Town, University Road, Peshawar, Pakistan)
* Nisar Shopping Market (Dalazak Road, Pekhawar, Pakistan)
* Gul Spot (University Town, Peshawar, Pakistan)
* Medical Stores (University Town, gulshan-e-iqbal, Peshawar, Pakistan)
* Jans Arcade (Islamia Road, Pekhawar, Pakistan)
* Gul Haji Plaza (University Road, Pekhawar, Pakistan)
* Utility Stores (Sector N-1, Hayatabad Peshawar 25100, Pakistan)
* Khalid General Store Wadpagga Sharif, Peshawar Pakistan)
* Bakhash General Store (Wadpagga Sharif, Peshawar Pakistan)
* Shalman Super Store (Phase-2, Hayatabad 25100, Pakistan)
* Royal Shopping Plaza (Karkhanay, Hayatabad, Peshawar Pakistan)
* Shalman Super Store (Phase-2, Hayatabad 25100,Peshawar Pakistan)
* Sitara Market (Karkhanay,Peshawar Pakistan)
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8. Fairs and Festivals
Golf Course Peshawar. Players from all over Pakistan and many foreign countries participate. Shab-e-Barat: Religious festival celebrated on 14th of Shaaban, the 8th Islamic month. Prayers, fire-works, exchange of sweet dishes and visits to relatives and friends.Eid-ul-Fitr: Religious festival celebrating end of fasting month on 1st of Shawwal, the 10th month of Islamic Calendar Special prayer after sunrise, exchange of sweet dishes, visits. Depends on Moon sightingsPakistan Day*: Commemorating the anniversary of Pakistan Resolution passed by the Muslims of South Asia on March 23, 1940. Military parades are held at Lahore, Peshawar,Quetta and Karachi. Main feature is the grand parade at Islamabad. 23 March Mela Chiraghan (Festival of lamps); Held for 1 week outside Shalimar Garden, Lahore. Depends on Moon sightings Horse & Cattle Show: At Dera Ismail Khan. Local games, folk dances, music, cattle races and exhibition of local handicrafts. End of March till 1st week of April Eid-ul-Azha*: Religious festival commemorating the great sacrifice offered by Prophet Ibrahim. Celebrated on 10 Zilhaj, 12th month of Islamic Calendar. Collective prayers after sunset, sacrifice of goats, sheep, cows or camels and distribution of meat among relatives, friends and poor. Depends on Moon sightings.May Day*: Rallies, processions and meetings held throughout the country. 01 May Ashura*: Two days mourning on the death anniversary Imam Hussain, the grandson of Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) on 9th and 10th of Moharram, the first month of Islamic Calendar Processions, rallies and meeting (music prohibited). Depends on Moon sightings Eid-e-Miland-un-Nabi*: (Birthday of Prophet Hazrat Mohammad, (P.B.U.H.) on 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal - the 3rd of month of Islamic Calendar. Depends on Moon sightings,Independence day*: Meeting, processions, rallies, decorations and 14 August illustrations all over the country. 14 August.Defence of Pakistan Day*: Parades and exhibitions of military equipment at Rawalpindi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and Karachi. Visits to the war memorials. 06 September.Air force Day: Display of latest aircrafts of Pakistan Air force and air shows at Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta. 07 September.Death Anniversary of Quaid-e-Azam, Mohammad Ali Jinnah the father of the nation*. 11 September.Lok mela: Folk Festival held at Islamabad. Folk Music, songs music contests, folk dances, craftsmen at work, exhibition and sale of handicrafts. The festival presents a unique opportunity to watch the culture and craft of the whole country at one place. 1st week of October - for one week Birthday of Allama Mohammad Iqbal, the national Poet*. 09 NovemberDefence of Pakistan Day*: Parades and exhibitions of military equipment at Rawalpindi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and Karachi. Visits to the war memorials. 06 September.Air force Day: Display of latest aircrafts of Pakistan Air force and air shows at Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta. 07 September.Death Anniversary of Quaid-e-Azam, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the father of the nation*. 11 September.Lok mela: Folk Festival held at Islamabad. Folk Music, songs music contests, folk dances, craftsmen at work, exhibition and sale of handicrafts. The festival presents a unique opportunity to watch the culture and craft of the whole country at one place.
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9. Local Crops
* Tomato
* Maize
* Wheat
* Barley
* Patato
* Rice
* Chickpea
10. Fruit
* Penuts
* Apricot
* Dates
* Coconut
* Gooseberry
* Peach
* Pistachio
* Pine Nuts
* Raisins
* Walnuts
11. Vegetables
* Tomatao
* Patato
* Onion
* Carrots
* Kale
* Spinach
* Cucumber
* Green chilli
* Phool Gobhi
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12. Local Industries
* Industrial Estate Peshawar (Near City Hospital Peshawar)
* Frontier Match Industries, Ltd. ( Jamrud Road, Peshawar. Tel: +92-91- 5815130
* Sana Aluminum Industries
* ZRK Group of Industries Peshawar
* Sarhad Chamber of Industry (G.T Road, Peshawar, Tel : 9291- 9213313-5)
* Masia (IT Institutions in Peshawar, under the supervision of Masia software solutions)
* Smaga Industries (beauty, jewellery and dental instruments)
* Amin Mechanical Industries (Manufacturing spare parts for Pakistani automotive industry)
* Ihsan Industries (Pvt) Ltd (Leather manufacturing unit in Peshawar)
* Nina Industries Limited (Export of knitted fabric)
* Shafqaz Industries (Leather gloves and Accessories industry)
* Sonex Metal Industries (Pvt) Ltd. (Sonex Utensils, Aluminium Utensils,Stainless Steel industry)
* FHA Industries
* UAMF Industries
* Anwar Industries
* BELPAK Industries
* Forta Industries Pvt Ltd
* Jimco Industries
* Sunlike Industries
* Ahmed Food Industries
* Curiotex Industries Pakistan
* Efroze Chemical Industries (Pvt) Ltd
* Remington Pharmaceutical Industries (Pvt) Ltd
* Islamic Pakistan: Illusions and Reality
* Computer Solutions & Products
* Pakistan Industrial Technical Assistance Centre
* Ahmadzai & Company
* Tekno Aids
* Meditech Limited
* Sui Northern Gas Pipelines
* Embassy Of Czech Republic In Pakistan
* Pakistani Business Resources
* Captain and Company
* SMAR International (Pvt) Ltd
* Ghani Glass
* Bajwa Agro Industries
* AZM Management & ERP Consultants
* W3Newspapers Pakistan
* Teepu Traders
* Aapl Group
* Ghalib Group
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13. Notable People
* Abdur Rab Nishtar, religious leader
* Badshah Munir Bukhari, linguist
* Malik Saad, late chief of Peshawar city police
* Dilip Kumar, Bollywood actor
* Gandhara
* Ghulam Muhammad Qasir, Urdu poet
* Hashim Khan, former British Open squash champion
* Ismail Gulgee, artist
* Jansher Khan, former squash world champion
* Marina Khan, actress
* Mulk Raj Anand, Indian writer in English
* Patras Bokhari, Urdu humourist
* Peshawar Club Ground
* Prithviraj Kapoor, theatre and film pioneer
* Rahimullah Yusufzai, journalist
* Rahman Baba, Pashto poet
* Raj Kapoor, Bollywood actor
* Umar Gul, cricketer
* Vinod Khanna, Bollywood actor
* Yasir Hameed, cricketer
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14. Seasons
* Spring
* Summer
* Winter
* Autumn
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15. Climates
Peshawar under Koppen's climate classification features a semi-arid climate with very hot summers and mild winters.Winter in Peshawar, starts in mid November and ends in late March. Summer months are May to September. The mean maximum temperature in summer is over 40 °C (104 °F) and the mean minimum temperature is 25 °C (77 °F). The mean minimum temperature during winter is 4 °C (39 °F) and maximum is 18.35 °C (65.03 °F).Peshawar is not a monsoon region, unlike other parts of Pakistan. But still rainfall is received both in winter and in the summer. The winter rainfall due to western disturbances shows a higher record during the months of February and April. The highest winter rainfall of 236 millimetres (9.3 in) has been recorded in February 2007,[27] while the highest summer rainfall of 402 millimetres (15.8 in) has been recorded in the month of July 2010.[28] In which a record breaking rain of 274 millimetres (10.8 in) fell during 24 hours on July 29, 2010.[29] previously 187 mm (7.36 inches) of rain was recorded in April 2009.The average winter rainfall is higher than that of the summer. Based on a 30-year record, the average 30-year annual precipitation has been recorded as 400 millimetres (16 inch).The highest annual rainfall of 904.5 millimetres (35.61 in) has been recorded in 2003.Wind speeds vary during the year from 5 knots (5.8 mph; 9.3 km/h) in December to 24 knots (28 mph; 44 km/h) in June. The relative humidity varies from 46% in June to 76% in August.The highest temperature of 50 °C (122 °F) has been recorded on June 18, 1995.While the lowest 3.9 °C (25 °F) occurred on January 7,1970.Peshawar's environment has suffered tremendously due to an ever increasing population, unplanned growth and a poor regulatory framework. Air and noise pollution is a significant issue in several parts of the city, and the water quality, once considered to be exceptionally good, is also fast deteriorating.In addition the city has lost 2,700 acres (1,100 ha) of agriculture and during the two decades (1965 85). This in the addition to 400 acres (160 ha) of vacant land that has been also eaten up by expending urban functions. In the same period, the land under parks and green space has shrunk from 163 to 75 acres (66 30 ha).
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16. Police Stations
* West Cantt (+9291-9213297)
* East Cantt (+9291-9213059)
* University Town (+9291-9216105)
* Kabli (+9291-2214220)
* Dabgari (+9291-9210732)
* Hashtnagri (+9291-9210736)
* Faqir Abad (+9291-2241134)
* Gul Bahar (+9291-9210735)
* Bana Mari (+9291-9210733)
* Bada Bair (+9291-2370376)
* Hayat Abad (+9291-9217217)
* Police Emergency (15-9212222 ,9213333 ,9213222)
* Yakatot (+9291-9210741)
* Urmar (+9291-2350156)
* University Campus (+9291-9216068)
* Pushtakhra (+9291-5272655)
* Nasir Bagh (+9291-5833500)
* Mathra (+9291-2950316)
* Matani (+9291-2970123)
* Kotwali,C-Division (+9291-9210740)
* Hashtnagri (+9291-9210736)
* Gul Bahar (+9291-9210735)
* Daudzai (+9291-2960115)
* Chamkani (+9291-9264305)
* C.I.A. (+9291-9212824)
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17. Hospitals
* Khyber Medical College/Hospital (Tel: +9291-9216206)
* AL-NOOR EYE HOSPITAL (Tel:+9291-841606)
* FINE DENTAL CLINIC (Khyber Bazar City: Peshawar Tel:+9291- 211941)
* C.T. CLINIC (PVT) LTD (14-New Dabgari Garden Peshawar Tel:+9291- 214039)
* Rehman Medical Centre (Abdara Chowk, Rehman Baba Road Peshawar Tel:+9291-5840407)
* FEELZ CLINIC (Main G. T. Road, Near University, Peshawar, Pakistan Cell: +92-333-9410120)
* EXCEL-LABS (PVT) LTD (The Mall Tower, Mall road, Peshawar Cantt, Peshawar Tel: +92-91-5261066)
* HAKEEM SAIFULLAH KHOKHAR (Chowk Qila, Bala Hisar,G.T Road, Peshawar Tel:+9291-2561843)
* COSMETIC LASER & SKIN CLINICS (Park Road, University Town, Peshawar Tel:+92-91-5703000)
* IQBAL HERBAL LAB (Kohat Road Peshawar Email: herbs@psh.brain.net.pk)
* Rehman Medical Institute(pvt)Ltd (Tel: +92-91-5825501)
* KHALIL HOSPITAL (NAWAY KALAY, BARA ROAD, PESHAWAR)
* FAMILY HOSPITAL (UNIVERSAL FLOUR MILL ROAD, GULBAHAR NO.1, PESHAWAR)
* KHAIRNU-NAS MEDICAL CENTRE (HAMID CLONY DALAZAQ ROAD PESHAWAR)
* CITY CENTRAL HOSPITAL (DALAZAK ROAD NEAR GULABAD CHOWK PESHAWAR)
* KIDNEY CARE CENTRE (DIR MEDICAL TOWER HOSPITAL ROAD PESHAWAR)
* MUMTAZ SURGICAL HOSPITAL (DABGARI GARDENS PESHAWAR)
* PESHAWAR KAI MEDICAL (ABDARA, CANAL ROAD, UNIVERSITY TOWN, PESHAWAR)
* NARGAS MEDICAL COMPLEX (CHOWK GARI KHANA TEHSIL ROAD PESHAWAR)
* ITTEFAQ PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE (GULBAHAR NO 1 PESHAWAR)
* SARDAR BEGUM DENTAL HOSPITAL (ACADMI TOWN CANAL ROAD, UNIVERSITY TOWN PESHAWAR)
* AL MADAD HOSPITAL (SIKANDAR PURA PESHAWAR)
* PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL (TEHKAL BALA JAMRUD ROAD PESHAWAR)
* SHIFA KIDNEY CENTRE (444- DABGARI GARDENS, PESHAWAR)
* CHINA KIDNEY CENTRE (CITY MEDICAL CENTRE, HOSPITAL ROAD PESHAWAR)
* SHOUKAT KHANUM MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (CIRCULAR ROAD PESHAWAR)
* Al Fowzan Hospital (Jamrood Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Cantt General Hospital (Fawarah Chowk Peshawar Saddar)
* Railway Hospital (Pak Hilal E Ahmer Road Peshawar)
* Cristian Hospital Pak (Hilal E Ahmer Road Peshawar)
* Lady Reading Hospital (Peshawar Assamai Gate Peshawar City)
* Afghan Surgical Hospital (Grand Trunk Road)
* Children Hospital (Haji Camp Peshawar)
* Police Services Hospital (Police Road Peshawar)
* Irnum Hospital (University Road Peshawar Tel:+9291-9216114)
* Mission Hospital (Dabgari Garden Peshawar City)
* Khyber Teaching Hospital (University Town, Peshawar, Pakistan - 9291 9216340)
* CMH Peshawar (Mall Road Peshawar Pakistan)
* Naseer Teaching Hospital (Peshawar, Pakistan - +9291-5850003 5)
* Fauji Foundation Hospital (Cantonment, Peshawar, Pakistan)
* Wapda Hospital (Near Shami Road Peshawar)
* AMAN HOSPITAL (DABGARI GARDEN PESHAWAR)
* KHAIR UN NASS TRUST HOSPITAL (BUKHARI MANZIL SIKANDAR PURA PESHAWAR)
* AIMS INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL (31-A3 PHASE 5 HAYATABAD PESHAWAR)
* MAJID HOSPITAL (SIKANDAR PURA PESHAWAR CITY)
* HAMARA FOUNDATION (HOUSE NO 1BEHARI COLONY ROAD DEFENCE TOWN PESHAWAR)
* Children Hospital (+9291-261161)
* Ibadat Hospital (E.E. 32,Nishtarabad Peshawar Tel:+92-91-218694-2561063)
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18. Airports
* Peshawar International Airport (Tel: +9291521-270-255 )
* (Emirates Airlines Phone #: +92-91-5260777)
* (ETIHAD AIRWAYS Phone #: +92-91-5260813)
* (Pakistan International Airline (PIA) Phone #: +92-91-270214)
* (Spinzer Travel Pvt Ltd Phone #: +92-91-5277776)
* (Union Travel Phone #: +92-91-2214082)
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19. Railway Stations
* Reservation, Peshawar (Tel: +9291-9212563)
* Enquiry, Cantt Railway Station (Tel: +9291-117)
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20. Bus Stand
*City Cantonment Cantt Stand (Phone : +9291-270877)
*AIR PLUS TOURS & TRAVELS (Phone : +9291-5272824 / 5272899)
*Air Time Travels (Phone : +9291-5260421)
*Al Asar Travel (Phone : +9291-279402)
*Al Faisal (Phone : +9291-5271276,5274279)
*Al Dammam Corporation (Phone : +9291-2220244 / 2220442)
*Al-Maroof Travels and Tours (Phone : +9291-2592878)
*Daewoo Pehawar (UAN 111-007-008)
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21. Taste Maker
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22. Topography
The above topographic map of Peshawar and the surrounding area has been derived from satellite mapping. The topographic data has been illuminated by a light source corresponding to the position of the sun at mid afternoon in summer. Major roads, railways rivers and other water features are derived from global GIS data.Peshawar is situated near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass and sits mainly on the Iranian plateau along with the rest of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. Peshawar is literally a frontier city of South-Central Asia and was historically part of the Silk Road.
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23. Handy Crafts
* Nazar Band
* Amel
* Kalla Dozi
* Lungi Bafi
* Rosary
* Karoshia Work
* Kasheeda
* Gota Kinari
* Azar Band
* Gumanz Sazi
* Tilla Kari
* Woollen Carpet Weaving
* Shama Sazi
* Kinari
* Kalosha Sazi
* Patou
* Chapali
* Brass Work
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24. Sports
* Squash
* Cricket
* Valley Ball
* Racing
* Athletics
* Hockey
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25. Hotels & Restaurants
* Alhaq Hotel (Cenima Road opposite Khyber Bazar Peshawar Tel:+9291-2590949)
* Daweac Hotel (Opposite Bus Terminal, G.T Road Peshawar Tel:+9291-2652644)
* Hamal Hotel (Cenima Road near Shuba Bazar Peshawar Tel:+9291-2213665)
* Hotel Grand (Tumbuwan Chowk, University Road Peshawar Tel:+9291-5844353)
* North West Heritage Hotel (Firdaus Chowk Peshawar Tel:+9291-2215881)
* Pearl Continenetal Hotel (Peshawar P.O Box 197, Khyber Road, Peshawar Cantt 9291-5276361-9)
* Razmak Hotel (Cenima Road Peshawar Tel:+9291-2217562)
* A One Bar-B-Q (Gulbahar No 1 near Sir Syed Public School Peshawar +9291-2590644)
* Afghan Ever Green Restaurant (University Road Peshawar near LEADS Software House +9291-584487)
* Afghan Restaurant (Khyber Bazar near Kabli Police Station, Peshawar City +9291-2590641)
* Balana Restaurant (Murad Plaza opposite Runway, University Road Peshawar +9291-5844669)
* Khyber Friends Restaurant (Town Chowk, University Road Peshawar +9291-5841106)
* Lasania Restaurant (University Road Peshawar +9291-5854400)
* New Afghan Restaurant (University Road Peshawar +9291-2599347)
* New Afghani Bar-B-Q (Qissa Khawani Bazar near Kabli Police Station Peshawar City +9291-2590426)
* New Bahar Restaurant (Saddar Road near Police Station, Peshawar Cantt +9291-5278347)
* Silver Dragon Chinese Restaurant (University Road opposite Toyota Frontier Motors +9291-5850854)
* Greens Hotel (+9291-5270183-4, 273604)
* Park Inn (+9291-2212173)
* Grand Hotel (+9291-5844356)
* Amin Hotel (+9291-2218215)
* Shiraz Restaurant (+9291-5702019)
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